Instrumentalism
accomplish discrete aim
Determinism
Essentialism
Inherent qualities
innate and absolute properties
Sociomaterial
Sociotechnical
distributed
aggregated
algorithm
human intention
relational
centralised
non human?
human
ed tech
dominated by instrumentalist and essentialist views
uses
aligns with essentialism
technological
aligns with instrumentalism
social
social contexts to drive changes and uses of technology
temporality
xMooc
behaviourist
adopts determinist stance
cMooc
connectivist
tech as neutral tool or
disruptive force?
"rather than defaulting to one of the 3 determinist positions, Dahlberg calls for a non-reductionist methodology which 'recognizes that each so-called determining factor is itself embedded within and constituted by a system of inter-linked constitutive processes" (2004) Knox, 2014, p.45
edmooc was spatial practice itself
did not occupy space
enactment
space
flow and connectivity rather than location and boundary
contingency rather than fixity
course space is shaped through the routines of engagement p.49
dependencies
complex peformance of human contribution, algorithmic process and spacial ordering 
p.50
persistent negotiation and tension between their perceived pedagogical value and the interests of profit. p.53